postgres=# help You are using psql, the command-line interface to PostgreSQL. Type: \copyright for distribution terms \h for help with SQL commands \? for help with psql commands \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query \q to quit postgres=# \? General \copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms \crosstabview [COLUMNS] execute query and display results in crosstab \errverbose show most recent error message at maximum verbosity \g [FILE] or ; execute query (and send results to file or |pipe) \gdesc describe result of query, without executing it \gexec execute query, then execute each value in its result \gset [PREFIX] execute query and store results in psql variables \gx [FILE] as \g, but forces expanded output mode \q quit psql \watch [SEC] execute query every SEC seconds Help \? [commands] show help on backslash commands \? options show help on psql command-line options \? variables show help on special variables \h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands Query Buffer \e [FILE] [LINE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor \ef [FUNCNAME [LINE]] edit function definition with external editor \ev [VIEWNAME [LINE]] edit view definition with external editor \p show the contents of the query buffer \r reset (clear) the query buffer \s [FILE] display history or save it to file \w FILE write query buffer to file Input/Output \copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host \echo [STRING] write string to standard output \i FILE execute commands from file \ir FILE as \i, but relative to location of current script \o [FILE] send all query results to file or |pipe \qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o) Conditional \if EXPR begin conditional block \elif EXPR alternative within current conditional block \else final alternative within current conditional block \endif end conditional block Informational (options: S = show system objects, + = additional detail) \d[S+] list tables, views, and sequences \d[S+] NAME describe table, view, sequence, or index \da[S] [PATTERN] list aggregates \dA[+] [PATTERN] list access methods \db[+] [PATTERN] list tablespaces \dc[S+] [PATTERN] list conversions \dC[+] [PATTERN] list casts \dd[S] [PATTERN] show object descriptions not displayed elsewhere \dD[S+] [PATTERN] list domains \ddp [PATTERN] list default privileges \dE[S+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables \det[+] [PATTERN] list foreign tables \des[+] [PATTERN] list foreign servers \deu[+] [PATTERN] list user mappings \dew[+] [PATTERN] list foreign-data wrappers \df[anptw][S+] [PATRN] list [only agg/normal/procedures/trigger/window] functions \dF[+] [PATTERN] list text search configurations \dFd[+] [PATTERN] list text search dictionaries \dFp[+] [PATTERN] list text search parsers \dFt[+] [PATTERN] list text search templates \dg[S+] [PATTERN] list roles \di[S+] [PATTERN] list indexes \dl list large objects, same as \lo_list \dL[S+] [PATTERN] list procedural languages \dm[S+] [PATTERN] list materialized views \dn[S+] [PATTERN] list schemas \do[S] [PATTERN] list operators \dO[S+] [PATTERN] list collations \dp [PATTERN] list table, view, and sequence access privileges \dP[itn+] [PATTERN] list [only index/table] partitioned relations [n=nested] \drds [PATRN1 [PATRN2]] list per-database role settings \dRp[+] [PATTERN] list replication publications \dRs[+] [PATTERN] list replication subscriptions \ds[S+] [PATTERN] list sequences \dt[S+] [PATTERN] list tables \dT[S+] [PATTERN] list data types \du[S+] [PATTERN] list roles \dv[S+] [PATTERN] list views \dx[+] [PATTERN] list extensions \dy [PATTERN] list event triggers \l[+] [PATTERN] list databases \sf[+] FUNCNAME show a function's definition \sv[+] VIEWNAME show a view's definition \z [PATTERN] same as \dp Formatting \a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode \C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none \f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output \H toggle HTML output mode (currently off) \pset [NAME [VALUE]] set table output option (border|columns|csv_fieldsep|expanded|fieldsep| fieldsep_zero|footer|format|linestyle|null| numericlocale|pager|pager_min_lines|recordsep| recordsep_zero|tableattr|title|tuples_only| unicode_border_linestyle|unicode_column_linestyle| unicode_header_linestyle) \t [on|off] show only rows (currently off) \T [STRING] set HTML tag attributes, or unset if none \x [on|off|auto] toggle expanded output (currently off) Connection \c[onnect] {[DBNAME|- USER|- HOST|- PORT|-] | conninfo} connect to new database (currently "postgres") \conninfo display information about current connection \encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding \password [USERNAME] securely change the password for a user Operating System \cd [DIR] change the current working directory \setenv NAME [VALUE] set or unset environment variable \timing [on|off] toggle timing of commands (currently off) \! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell Variables \prompt [TEXT] NAME prompt user to set internal variable \set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters \unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable Large Objects \lo_export LOBOID FILE \lo_import FILE [COMMENT] \lo_list \lo_unlink LOBOID large object operations postgres=# postgres=# postgres=# \h Available help: ABORT CHECKPOINT CREATE USER MAPPING DROP USER ALTER AGGREGATE CLOSE CREATE VIEW DROP USER MAPPING ALTER COLLATION CLUSTER DEALLOCATE DROP VIEW ALTER CONVERSION COMMENT DECLARE END ALTER DATABASE COMMIT DELETE EXECUTE ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES COMMIT PREPARED DISCARD EXPLAIN ALTER DOMAIN COPY DO FETCH ALTER EVENT TRIGGER CREATE ACCESS METHOD DROP ACCESS METHOD GRANT ALTER EXTENSION CREATE AGGREGATE DROP AGGREGATE IMPORT FOREIGN SCHEMA ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER CREATE CAST DROP CAST INSERT ALTER FOREIGN TABLE CREATE COLLATION DROP COLLATION LISTEN ALTER FUNCTION CREATE CONVERSION DROP CONVERSION LOAD ALTER GROUP CREATE DATABASE DROP DATABASE LOCK ALTER INDEX CREATE DOMAIN DROP DOMAIN MOVE ALTER LANGUAGE CREATE EVENT TRIGGER DROP EVENT TRIGGER NOAUDIT ALTER LARGE OBJECT CREATE EXTENSION DROP EXTENSION NOTIFY ALTER MATERIALIZED VIEW CREATE FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER DROP FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER PREPARE ALTER OPERATOR CREATE FOREIGN TABLE DROP FOREIGN TABLE PREPARE TRANSACTION ALTER OPERATOR CLASS CREATE FUNCTION DROP FUNCTION REASSIGN OWNED ALTER OPERATOR FAMILY CREATE GROUP DROP GROUP REFRESH MATERIALIZED VIEW ALTER POLICY CREATE INDEX DROP INDEX REINDEX ALTER PROCEDURE CREATE LANGUAGE DROP LANGUAGE RELEASE SAVEPOINT ALTER PUBLICATION CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW DROP MATERIALIZED VIEW RESET ALTER ROLE CREATE OPERATOR DROP OPERATOR REVOKE ALTER ROUTINE CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DROP OPERATOR CLASS ROLLBACK ALTER RULE CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY DROP OPERATOR FAMILY ROLLBACK PREPARED ALTER SCHEMA CREATE POLICY DROP OWNED ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT ALTER SEQUENCE CREATE PROCEDURE DROP POLICY SAVEPOINT ALTER SERVER CREATE PUBLICATION DROP PROCEDURE SECURITY LABEL ALTER STATISTICS CREATE ROLE DROP PUBLICATION SELECT ALTER SUBSCRIPTION CREATE RULE DROP ROLE SELECT INTO ALTER SYSTEM CREATE SCHEMA DROP ROUTINE SET ALTER TABLE CREATE SEQUENCE DROP RULE SET CONSTRAINTS ALTER TABLESPACE CREATE SERVER DROP SCHEMA SET ROLE ALTER TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION CREATE STATISTICS DROP SEQUENCE SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION ALTER TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY CREATE SUBSCRIPTION DROP SERVER SET TRANSACTION ALTER TEXT SEARCH PARSER CREATE TABLE DROP STATISTICS SHOW ALTER TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE CREATE TABLE AS DROP SUBSCRIPTION START TRANSACTION ALTER TRIGGER CREATE TABLESPACE DROP TABLE TABLE ALTER TYPE CREATE TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION DROP TABLESPACE TRUNCATE ALTER USER CREATE TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION UNLISTEN ALTER USER MAPPING CREATE TEXT SEARCH PARSER DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY UPDATE ALTER VIEW CREATE TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER VACUUM ANALYZE CREATE TRANSFORM DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE VALUES AUDIT CREATE TRIGGER DROP TRANSFORM WITH BEGIN CREATE TYPE DROP TRIGGER CALL CREATE USER DROP TYPE
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